Georgia (Sakartvelo)

General Data

Georgia is an European independent state.

Form of political structure: a democratic republic

The President of Georgia is the Head of the Georgian state and executive power who is elected by universal public elections. On 9 April, 2000 Eduard Shevardnadze, the famous politician, was elected as the President of Georgia for the second term.

The referendum held on 31 March, 1991 confirmed Georgia independence, its territorial integrity and law continuation in respect of the Georgian Democratic Republic that was announced on 26 May, 1918.

The Constitution of Georgia adopted on 24 August1995 determined the democratic way of Georgian independence. It implies state power division in legislative, executive and judicial branches, fundamental human rights and freedoms and obligations of citizens.

Today Georgia covers an area of 69, 500 sq km where 5.2 million people live (data for 1 January, 1989) including more than 100 nations and nationalities.

Official language: Georgian

Currency: Lari is a monetary unit of Georgia. The lari exchange rate by 27 November, 2000 is 1 USA $ - 1.96 lari.

National holiday: 26 May – Independence Day

Capital City: Tbilisi (population - approximately 1,200 thousands people)

Religion: Georgia is a Christian Orthodox country. Christianity in Georgia was founded in the fourth century A.D. His Holiness and Blissfulness the Catholicos-Patriarch, Ilya II is theHead the Georgian Orthodox Church. Together with orthodox Christians in Georgia there live muslins and representatives of different religious confessions. To Georgia is characteristic religious tolerance.

Georgia is situated in the central and western parts of the South Caucasus. It borders on the Russian Federation in the North, the Republic of Azerbaijan on the East, the Republic of Armenia in the South and Turkey on the South-West. On the West Georgia is washed by the Black Sea.

Present state-territorial structure of the country is not fixed in the Constitution of Georgia but there is just emphasized that it’ll “be determined on the basis of powers division principle after Georgia jurisdiction renewing over the whole territory of the state”. Presently Georgia jurisdiction is not extended over the territories of the self-declared Abkhazya and South Osetia. This is one of the key problems for the Georgian people and the present powers (more than 300 thousand refugees from Abkhazya).

In the state for 1 November, 2000 Georgia has the following administrative and territorial division:

  1. Tbilisi – the capital city of Georgia (population – 1 million 186 thousand);
  2. The Ajar Autonomous Republic (population – 366.6 thousand, including urban population -191,2 thousand ). The center – Batumi
  3. Abkhazya. Its political status in the Georgian state political structure is not determined yet. The central power jurisdiction is not extended over this region. Abkhazya exists as the self-declared republic in 1993 and is not recognized by the world. The center – Sukhumi.
  4. Guria Region (population – 143.7 thousand, including urban population 99.7 thousand). The center – Ozurgeti.
  5. Racha-Lechkhumi and Lower Svanety Region (population – 50.7 thousand, including urban population - 38.0 thousand). The center – Ambrolauri.
  6. Mengrelia and Upper Svanety Region (population – 491.4 thousand, including urban population - 281.9 thousand). The center – Zugdidi.
  7. Imereti Region (population – 743 thousand, including urban population - 319.2 thousand). The administrative center – Kutaisi (population – 233.5 thousand). There are the following towns at the territory of Imereti Region: Tkibuli (population – 32.5 thousand), Tskhaltubo (population – 75.5 thousand), Chiatura (population – 63.4 thousand).
  8. Kakheti Region (population – 400.4 thousand, including urban population - 302.3 thousand). The center – Telavi.
  9. Mtsheta-Mtianeti Region (population – 126.1 thousand, including urban population - 86.5 thousand). The center – Mtsheta.
  10. Samtskhe-Javakheti Region (population – 214.5 thousand, including urban population - 131.8 thousand). The center – Akhaltsikhe.
  11. Lower Kartli Region (population – 547.3 thousand, including urban population - 299.6 thousand). The administrative center – Rustavi (population – 142.6 thousand).
  12. Shida Kartli Region (population – 334.5 thousand, including urban population - 192.6 thousand). The center – Gori.

Tskhinvali region is nominally a part of this region. However, its territory is occupied by the self-declared and not recognized the South Osetian Republic with the center – Tskhinvali. The central power jurisdiction is not extended over this region.

The highest authorities of Georgia

The President - Eduard Shevardnadze (on 9 April, 2000 elected for the second term).

The Parliament Chairman – Zurab Zhvania (on 16 November, 1999 elected for the second term).

The State Minister – George Arsenishvili (appointed after the presidential elections on 9 April, 2000. Before this appointment as the State Minister he was a State representative of the President in Kakheti Region).

The Minister of Foreign Affairs – Irakliy Menagarishvili (appointed as the Minister of Foreign Affairs during the first term of Mr. Eduard Shevardnadze as the Head of the state. After the presidential elections on 9 April, 2000 he again headed the Georgian department of foreign policy).

Major public organizations

For 1 November, 2000 there are 51 parties and blocks.

The most influential political parties and blocs are:

  1. The Citizen’s Union Party the parliamentary majority (pro-presidential).
  2. The Block “Revival of Georgia”. The parliamentary block that unites 5 political parties is opposed to the present authorities.
  3. The parliamentary block “Industry will save Georgia” that unites 5 parties and protects manufacturers interests. Their attitude to the authorities is positive.
  4. The Block “Popular Front – Ilya Chavchavadze’s Society ”. It includes 2 parties. Opposed to the present authorities.
  5. The United Communist Party which is opposed to the present authorities.
  6. The Block “National-democratic Alliance – the Third Way”. It includes 3 parties. Opposed to the present authorities.
  7. The Labour Party of Georgia which is opposed to the present authorities.

On 26 February, 2000 “Congress of non-governmental organizations” was founded. It consists of 128 different types of public organizations. The Congress is a non-governmental, non-commercial, coordinating-consultative body of parliamentary type public organizations that follows principles of self-governing.

The priorities of the Georgian foreign policy are state security strengthening, territorial integrity renewing, approaching to European and Euro-Atlantic standards, efficient integration into international economic systems, regional cooperation development.

Georgia dynamically works with many international organizations. In 1999 Georgia became a full member of the Council of Europe and WTO. Georgia was the initiator of expanding GUUAM (owing to Uzbekistan). It closely cooperates with UN and OSCE, actively develops relations with NATO.

← на головну (main page)

Металлочерепица, профнастил в Киеве, недорого
качественная раскрутка сайта харьков и киев
Колесный калькулятор шины диски штампованные.
страховая компания www.ingos.ru
Купить стиральная машина недорого и быстро.